Signaling system.



H. 0. WILSON& c. R. B. CLAHIN.

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

. APPLICATION FILED AUG-27, I907.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

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SIGNALING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED AUG.27, 1907.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

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W @Wm 2 M H. C. WILSON & C. R. B. CLAFLIN. SIGNALING S YSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.27. 1907.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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Henr flwz'lcora.

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H. 0. WILSON & c.- R. B. CLAFLINL SIGNALING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUGJT. I907.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

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SIGNALING SYSTEM.

' APPUCATION FILED AUG.27. 1901.

1,150,829 Patented Aug. 17,1915.

1 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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g W Y enr C ZlZzZnsore. J? tkarZeZiZZB. filaflzn vmc WW3 M M fli i this application of the invention are herein UNITED STATES PATENT .FFICE. v

HENRY 0. WILSON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AND CHARLES R. B.- cLAELI'N, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE AssIe MEN'rs, T ATLANTIC NA'rIoN L. BANK, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, A CORPORATIO OF RHODE ISLAND.

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

- Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug, 1'7, 1915,

Application filed August 27, 1907. Serial No. 390,290.

I representing like parts.

This invention relates to signaling systems, its object being primarilyto provide a system which will insure accuracy in-signaling and obviate errors due to accident or inadvertence.

A further object is also to provide apparatus and a relative arrangement of apparatus which is mechanically and electrically simple and efficient.

This invention may have broad application to uses widely different from the specific one to, which the same is herein illus-' trated as applied, but the invention is here shown as applied to a system of signaling where there are to be transmitted from a central'stationto oneor more gun stations instructions relative to the range or other conditions, with reference towhich the gun- 'ners should be informed.

While certain advantages resulting from referred to, it is to be understood that this application of the invention is illustrative only.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the following descriptionwhen taken in connection with the accompanying drawings showing for illustrative purposes one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be'more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

connections which may be employed in the grouping of sets of instruments; Fig. 3 is a plan with certain parts in section showing one form of transmitting instrument which may be employed,-the cover or casing thereof being removed; Fig. 4 is an end elevation of :the same instrument partially in section taken on the line 44 in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a detall in perspective showing the relay switch-controlled contacts; Fig. 6 is a detail in perspective showing the hand-switchcontrolled contacts; Fig. 7 is a plan View of one form of receiving or indicating instrument with the cover or top casing removed; Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation taken on line 88 in Fig. 7 and showing the construction ofthe range receiver parts; Fig.

9 is a similar section on line 99 in Fig. 7 showing-the construction of the deflection receiver parts; Fig. 10 is a section taken on the line 1010:in Fig. 9 looking in the direction of the arrow and showing-the ratchet actuating mechanism for one end'of the deflection receiver; Fig. 11 is a similar section taken on the line 1111 in Fig. 9 and in the direction of the arrow, showing the ratchet actuating mechanism for the opposite end of the deflection receiver; Fig. 12

shows on an enlarged scale the ratchet mechanism of Fig. 11 at the end .of its ac-.

tuating movement; Fig. 13 shows the same mechanism at the beginning of its return movement; Fig. 14 is a section-taken on the line 1 114 (Fig. 9) showing the construction of the motive devices; Fig. 15 is a de tail showing the'construction and the normal position of the controlled contacts for the deflectionv receiver; Fig. 16 shows in side elevation the auxiliary hand switchfor the transmitter; Fig. 17 is a sectional view of the range-receiver indicating, mechanism 'taken on the line 17 17 in Fig. 18; Fig. 18

is a front elevation of the same indicating mechanism; Fig. 19-is asection of the same taken on the line 19-19 in Fig. 18; Fig. 20 is a section on the line 2020 in Fig. 21,

showingthe battle order indicator; Fig. 21

is a section on the line 2121 in Fig. 20 also showing the battle order indicator; Fig.

22 is a diagrammatic view showing the connections of the, battle order indicator coils;

and Fig. 23-is a similar view.

' Referring to the drawings and to the embodiment of'the invention which is there shown, a more ready understanding of the same and an easier comprehension of its objects and the constructional details involved will be obtained byreferring first to the general diagrammatic arrangement, illustrated in Fig. 1, wherein the principal apparatus and working parts, while illustrated in detail upon' the other sheets of drawings and described more. fully hereinafter in the specification, are represented conventionally only.

A Referring-torFigJ lj'for the sake of illustration, there is represented a gun station denoted by G. There may be any desired number of such stations, but in Fig. 1 the arrangement of only one is shown, the con-.

struction of other stations, such as are diagrammatically represented in Fig. 2, being substantially the same. The devices at each station comprehend a Lrange receiver, denoted generally by X, a deflection receiver, denoted generally by Y, and a battle order indicator, denoted generally by B. :These signaling or receiving devices, of which but.

one set only need be described in detail, are

connected by appropriate circuits with the central transmittingstation A.- As will be more fully explained, several transmitting stations may be employed, so that, by appropriately altering'the circuit connections, signals may be sent to all of the gun stations from one central station, or to some gun stations from one central station and to others from another. 4

Although anynumber of central stations may be employed, for the purpose of this description, attention may be confined to the one central transmitting station A shown in Fig. 1, it being understood that the construction and'details of the other transmitting stations, if employed, may be or are the same as those described, their employ-- ment necessitatmg only alterations in the connections between the several transmitting stations andthe respective gun stations.

Each central transmitting station is provided with a deflectiontransmittingapparatus 1 and a range transmitting apparatus 2 for-transmitting through the connecting circuits signals respectively to the deflection receiver .Y and the range receiver X at the gun station. Also at the central transmitting station, in order, for pur'posesto be described, to repeat thereat the transmitted signal when the same shall havebeen made at the receiving end, there are preferably employed a deflection repeater 3 and a range repeater 4. The said deflection transmitter I and range transmitter, and deflection repeater and range repeater constitute a set two stations being of instruments furnished at the transmitting station, and the range receiver and de-. flection receiver constitute a cooperating set of instruments located at the relatively distant receiving station, the separation of' the indicated by the .break in the connections.

In order to notify the gunner at the gun station of an increase or decrease in the :range, the range receiver is provided with an indicator for indicating the range in suitable'increments, which increments may be in units of any size or scale, such,- for example, as increments of fifty yards. The indicator may bemade to advance or increase by one increment on the actuation of the motive device 5, and 'to decrease by one decrement on the actuation of the motive device 6 at the range receiver.

In the illustrated form of this invention, on the closing of a circuit at the range transmitter, the motive device 5will be caused to turn in the direction of the arrow"raising,

the range indicatiomwhile, on the closing "ofanother circuit at the range transmitter, the motive .device 6 will be caused to swingin the opposite direction, as represented by thearrow, lowering the range indication.

The details of the indicator will be explained more 'fully'later on. In a like manner thedeflection receiver is provided with an indicator for indicatingthe amount of Y the deflection in suitable increments, hereinarbitrary increments of degrees or points,'

the intermittent actuation of the motive de-.

vices at the receiving station within the control of the attendant or attendants at the transmitting station, thereby to cause an incremental change in the range or deflectionindication at the gun station and at the will of the attendant. In the present embodiment of the invention this is accomplished by providing a deflection, transmitting apparatus 1 and a range transmitting apparatus 2, the one substantially a duplle cation of the other except for position or location. Each is provided with a hand switch 9 which may be thrown to one side or the other of its normally central position,

- and effect thereby a closure of one or an-.

other of two circuits, the latter controlling, respectively, the motive devices at the receiver which cause the change of indication in one direction or the other. That is to say, the deflection transmitter 1 is provided device 8 and increase the indicated left-hand lateral deflection, while decreasing the indicated right-hand lateral deflection, Like wise the range transmitter 2 is provided with a similar switch 9, but preferably normally in horizontal position, a downward movement of the said switch serving to actuate the motive device 6 at the range receiver and "give a downward movement to the lIldlCiltOI' and an upward movement of the switch serving to actuate the motive device 5 at the range receiver and give an upward movement to the indicator.

' Referring first to the deflection transmitter, the same is connected with the motive devices 7 and 8, respectively, by means of circuits 1" and ,l, which lead from the terminals R and L, respectively, at the deflection transmitter to correspondingly lettered terminals R and L at the deflection receiver.

The deflection transmitter is also provided with. terminals P and N connected to the positive and negative supply mains, the latter represented by the heavy lines near the center of the diagram. The precise connections are, of course, immaterial, but in the present instance the terminal N is shown as connected directly to the negative main n, while the connection of the terminal P to the positive main p lies through the intermediate switch 10, which may be employed to connect the transmitting instruments to -magnets and controlled contacts are of substantially similar construction and arrahge- -'ment. Referring to the switch 11, for example, it is secured to the pivoted armature 13 normally held by a spring ofl'set at an angle between the poles of the magnets 14 and 15,,which latter act to control the said switch, and, when energized, to swing the same into the position shown by dotted lines where the armature assumes the direction of the lines of force between the magnets and the switch 11 lies at right-angles thereto. The control 'of the transmitting circuit 1- is effected by the movement of the controlling switch 11, which carries at one end the contact piece 16 and at the end the contact piece 17.

Referring now to the circuits controlled opposite primarily by the hand switch 9 for the purpose of closing the transmitting circuit 1',

the positive terminal P of the instrument is connected to the controlling magnets for the relay switch 11- by acircuit which is kept normally closed by the other relay switch 12. The terminal'P is connected by the conductor 18 to the stationary contact 19, which latter is normally kept in electrical communication with'the adjacent stationary contact 20 by means of the movable bridging contact 21, carried by the relay switch 12. From the contact 20 the positive circuit then passes through the wire 22 to the stationary contact 23, which is controlled by the movable contact 16 on the controlling switch 11 and thence to the contact 24 at the hand-switch 9.

If the movement of the hand switch 9 is to the right the contact piece 24 is placed in electrical communication with the adjacent contacts 25 and 26. The contact 26 is connected through the wire 55 with the magnet coil 14 for the switch 11, thesaid coil 14 acting as the actuating or moving coil of the magnet. The other terminal of the said coil is connected through the wire 56 with the negative main, such connection, however, be-

had through the deflection repeater as foilows. From the coil 14 the wire 56 passes to thecontact 33 and the circuit then leads through the wire 57 to the terminal 58 of the transmitter and thence through the wire 59 to the corresponding terminal 58 of the deflection repeater. At the repeater the said terminal1-58 is connected by the wire 60 with the fixed adjacent contact 62 by the movable bridging switch arm 63 carried by and movable with the motive device 50. The contact 62 is connected with a similar contact 64 and the latter is normally connectedwith the contact 65 by means of the switch arm 66 on the motive device 49, the contact 65 being connected by wire 67 with the terminal N of the instrument, which latter has connection directly to the negative main. \Vith the connections described, therefore, the actuating coil 14 is connected between the positive and negative mainsjust as soon as the switch 9is thrown to the right.

Simultaneously with the energization of the coil 14 through movement of the hand switch 9 the coil 15 is also energized. WVhen the switch is moved as described, current passes from the contact 24 to contact 26 and thence through the wire 27 to the coil 15.

The other terminal of the coil is connected with the negative terminal N of the deflection transmitter through the wire 28, theplace the contact'29 in communication with the stationary contact 33 instead of the contact 31 when moved to the dotted line posi-' tion shown.

The energization of the coil 14 throws the relay switch into the dotted line positionindicated and brings the movable contact16 into' connection with the positive contact 23. The transmitter terminal R of the instrument is connected directly by means. of the wire 35 with the contact 36 at the side of the contact 23, so that the moment this movement of the switch occurs, the terminal R, and therefore the motive device 7 at the deflection, receiver, is connected to the positive side of the line.

At the defiectionmreceiver the actuating coils ofthe motive devices 7 and 8 are permanently connected to the negative main through the wires 37, the battle order indicator B, the wire 38 and the instrument terminal N, so that the moment therelay switch 11 executes the movement described, the coils of the distant indicating device are excited and the indicator shows an advance of one step 'to the right.

The simple signal which is manifested at the receiving end by an increment or decrement in the indicated amount of the range or deflection, may be transmitted in the described fashion from either the range transmitter or the deflection transmitter, and either up or down, or to the right or left, the circuit connections within the instruments themselves bein substantially the same with eachone of t e four sets of relay switches utilized in the two instruments. If the hand switch 9.,is thrown to the left the actuating coil 39 for the left-hand transmitting switch is excited by means of a circuit as follows: from the positive terminal P' through the wire 18 'to the contacts 40 and 41, wire 42 to the contact 43, thence through contact 45 tothe coil 39 and thence to the contact 33 and through the wire 57 to the terminal 58 of the instrument. From this terminal thecurrent is carried 'to the negative main in a similar manner, as is described with reference to the actuating coil 14. Left hand movement of the hand switch also energizes the holding coil 39*, the currentpassing from the handswitch contact.

station, means are provided, dependent upon the manifestation of the signal at the receiver, for repeating the same back to the transmitting station, and means. are also provided, whereby, until the repetition of such signal takes place, the relay switch will remain automatically closed and the transmltting circuit cannot be either accidentally or intentionally broken. I

To. provide for repetition of the signal, the repeaters 3 and 4 are constructed substantially the same as the receivers X and Y. That is to say, similarly arranged indicating devices are provided and similar motive devices49, 50, 51 and 52. Inasmuch as the deflection transmitter and range transmitter will ordinarily'be operated by two different persons who may be called upon to observe individually and independently the indication of the repeater,- the de flection repeater and..range repeater are preferably separate instruments, adjacent their respective transmittinginstruments, while the range receiver and deflection receiver may be and preferably are embodied in the same instrument. Otherwise, save for the arrangement of contents positioned to be described, the construction-of the repeatin instrument may be identical with that o the receiving instrument.

Referring now to thedeflection transmitter, when the switch 9 is thrown to the right and the switch 11 is moved to connect the transmitting circuit 1" to the positive main, the moving switch contact 16 also connects the contact 23 to a third stationary contact 54. The latter is connected by the wire 55 to the hand switch contact 26 and also to one terminal of the a-ctuatingscoil 14. It therefore follows that, so longv as the repeating instruments are undisturbed and remain in their normal condition, as shown, the switch arms 63 and 66 maintain uninterrupted the connection between the negative main and the stationary contact 54 at the relay switch 11. When, therefore, the -relay switch is moved to its active position shown in dotted lines, the current passes from the contact 23 to the contact 54 and thence through the wire 55 to the actuating coil.14' and thence through the repeating instrument to the negative. main, as described. It therefore also follows that, until the circuit is broken at the repeating instrument the actuating coil 14 remains energized and continues to hold the relay switch in its operative position irrespective of the movement of the hand switch 9 and irrespective of whether the excitation of the holding coil 15 is continued or not. The circuit at the repeater, however, is not broken until the indication has been made at the receiver. To effect this, each motive device at the receiver is provided with a switch arm substantially similar to those described in connection with the repeaters,

difi'ering, however, in the ,fact that the switch arms at the repeater'maintain their controlled circuits normally closed, while those at the receiver maintain. them normally open.

Referring to the motive device 7 at the receiver, its switch arm 68 normally. holds open the repeating circuit at the contacts 69 and 7 O. The latter is connected directly tothe negative malnthrough the wire 38, while the former is connected to the terminal 71 of the receiving instrument, which terminal is'connected by the wire 72 with the corresponding terminal 71 at the deflection repeater. The terminal 71 at the defiection repeater is connected by. the circuit 7 3 with the exciting coils of the motive device 50. vWheln the motive device 7 at the receiver is energized, it swings the switch'arm 68 to the right at the same time it actuates the indicator. This serves to bridge the contacts 69 and 70 and to excite the coils of the motive device 50, the latter being connected directly minal P of the defiection repeater, which, in turn, is connected to the positive main. This causes the IIIOtlXG device to actuate its indicating mechanism and repeat the signal at the same time to open the relay-switchcontrolling circuit at the contacts 61 and 62. If the hand switch 9 has been withdrawn from the contacts 24, 25, 26, this rupture of the switch controlling circuit atthe repeater immediately deenergizes the actuating coil 14 and the holding coil 15 being denergized by withdrawal of the hand switch, the relay switch 11 is retracted to its normal inactive position. If the hand switch 9 has not been withdrawnfrom the said contacts, the hold ing coil 15 will remain energized until the hand switch is withdrawn.

As soon as the relay switch opens, the motive device 7 atthe receiver is deenergized and the switch arm 68 falls back breaking the repeater circuit. As soon as the repeater circuit is broken the switch arm 63 at therepeater falls back again, bridging the contacts 61 and 62 and again closing the switch-controlling circuit, but until the entire cycle of operations has been completed,that is to say,,the transmitting circuit closed, the motive device 7 actuated, the indicationeffected, the repeating circuit closed, the repeater actuated, and the switchcontrolling circuit for the holding magnet opened,the relay witch at the transmitter is automatically held closed irrespective of the movements of the hand switch,'thereby insuring the transmission of a signal when once attempted.

From the diagram it will be apparent how the relay switch 12 may be moved to close the transmitting circuit 1, thereby actuating the motivedeviceS and in turn to the positive ter-' the repeating device 49. The'repeating circuit for left-hand deflections is represented at 7 1, connecting the terminals 75 at the receiver and repeater. It will be readily understood that the left-hand movement of the hand switch 9 effects an increase in the left-hand range deflections throughthe circuits mentioned, in precisely the same fashion as the right-hand movement. of said switch effects increments in the right-hand deflection indication, which has been fully set forth and further explanation will be unnecessary. Without further explanation also the mode of operation of the range transmitter 2 for both up and down trans- .up indications is designated by u, connecting the ter 'Iials U at the transmitter and receiver. Th transmittingcircuit for the decrements or down indications is designated by d, conneetingthe terminals D at the transmitter and receiver. The repeating circuit for up deflections is designated by 76, connecting the terminals 77 at'the receiver and repeater, and for downdeflections is designated by 78, connecting the. terminals 7 9, The circuit connecting, the range repeater with the range transmitter, and which serves to automatically control the relay switch, is designated by 80 and connectsterminals 81 at the range transmitter and range repeater. The indications of range are produced at the receiver and re.- peated back to the repeater in precisely the same manner, so far as electrical-connections 1 are concerned, as are the indications for defiection, thehand switch for the rangetransmitter, however, being preferably positioned normally in a horizontal lane,so.-that the.

reciprocatory movement of the hand switch 9 may be tedious or tiresome. In order to provide for a continued or uninterrupted raising or lowering'ofthe; indication by means of a single movementgofthe hand switch 9, the auxiliary switch :30, already referred to, is provided.

It will be observed that' -in transmitting signals as above described the holding coil 15, having one side connected directly to the negative main, will remain energized so long as the hand switch is held in operative position. The actuating coil 14, however, is deenergized as soon as the repeater acts to break theswitch-controllingcircuit, but, unless the hand switch is retracted,

the holding coil will continue to'hold thev relay switch in its operative position.

The switch 30 is designed to place the switch 11, to open, even though the hand.

switch 9 is held in operative position. This is effected by moving the switch'30 to the position shown in dotted lines whereupon,

with the connection broken at the contact 31, the negative terminals of the holding coils 15 and 39 are both placed in connection with contact 33 and therefore indirectly with the negative main. 'throug'h the repeater, instead of being connected directly therewith through terminal N, as is the case in the full line position of the switch.

When the auxiliary switch is moved, as described, and the hand switch held in operative position, for example,'to the right,

indication will be caused at the receiver and at the repeater, as previously described.

-When the repeater, however, breaks the switch-controlling circuit it will deenergize both the actuating and the holding .coils and allow the relay switch to open. .As soon as the relay switch opens, the switch arm 68 'at the receiver moves to break the repeater circuit, and the switch 63 at the repeater then moves again to close the relayswitch-controlling circuit 59, and the relay switch is again closed. In other words,1n the cycle of operations under the condit ons described, the closing of the relay switch causes the repeater to open the relay-sw tchcontrolling circuit. This opens the relay switch and causes the repeateragain to return to its normal position, and this, 1 n turn, again closes the relay switch. This provides for a. repetition in the cycle of operations without interruption so long as the hand switch 9 is held closed and causes the sending of a succession of like signals following each other one after another as rapidly as the mechanical movements of. the

successive circuit controlling devices I can follow each other.

Although the holding coil 15 may be separate from the actuating coil 14, as will be hereafter seen, they are preferably arranged to have the same magnetic circuit.

actuating coil, that is, in the number of ampere turns. This provides for a more rapid transmission by making the relay switch more sensitive.

With the holding coil of equal strength with-the actuating coil its magnetism tends to fall away so slowly that a quick movement of the hand switch back to its closed Theholding coil is preferably weaker than the position after having been thrown open might reenergize the coils before the relay switch had time to release. The principal function of the-holding coil 15 being to hold the relay switch in position, and the actuatingcoil 14 to move it into position, the former does not require the strength of the latter for best conditions of sensitiveness. It will be seen that the holding coil is kept energized so long as the hand switch is held over and the resultant indication is therefore held fixed. The indications therefore must follow the movements of the hand switch provided, however, that suflicient time must elapse between beats of the hand switch for the repeater to break the current of the actuating coil.

It will be observed that the positive tertacts 19 and 20 controlled by the relay switch 12 before passing to the hand switch contacts 21 and 25 and the coil 14, so that, as

soon'as the relay switch moves, and until it is restored again to its open position, neither coils 14 or 15 canbe energized. In a like manner the positive lead for the coils controlling the switch 12 first passes through the contacts 40 and 41 controlled by the switch 11, so that, as soon 1 as the latter moves, the movement of the switch 12 cannot take place until the switch 11 returns to its open .or inoperative position. This feature of the apparatus makes it impossible to send a signal of one class while signals of the opposite class are being sent, the

transmitter being rendered inoperative for apparatus, and for sending any desired kind of signals, may be used in connection with the receiving stations described, or any of them, such, for example, as the battle order indicator referred to. This may be of any suitable or desired construction, but in the drawings there is shown a type which may be used with advantage cooperatively with the instruments described.-

Referring both to the diagrammatic representation of the battle order indicator in Fig. 1, and to the illustration of its construction shown in Figs. 20 to 23,'there are provided two pairs of coils 82 and 83, one

pair of which is energized to display one kind of signal and the other to show another kind. I I h In' the present case there are provided merely two signals Commence fire and Cease firing, which instructions are printed respectively on a shutter 81 (Figs. 20 and 21) and on the plate 85 immediately below the plane of the shutter. The shutter is capable of limited angular movement so that in one position (see Fig. 7) the plate displays the Cease firing, but in the other position is covered by the shutter which displays the instructions Commence fire. Throughthe cover or casing of the instrument the shutter instructions are invisible in its'back position.

The shutter 84: (see Fig. 20) is carried by the arm 86, secured to the rock shaft 87, the latter journaled in the frame 88 and carrying the two preferably soft iron armatures 89 and 90. The latter are displaced relatively at aslight angle, but have their ends closely adjacent the pole pieces 91 and 92 respectively of the magnet coils 82 and 83.

By reference to the wiring diagram it will be seen that each battle order coil is in circuit with one of the four motive devices at the receiver, and that one member of a pair (82 and 83) is in series with one motive device of the deflection or range receiver, while the other member is in series with the other motive device of the same receiving element. For example, every time the circuit 1' is closed to actuate the motive device 7, the current also passes through one of the coils 83, and when the circuit Z is closed, the current passes through the other of the two coils 83, as well as the motive device 8.

In either case where one coil only is energized the slze of the pole pleces 92 is such that substantially all the magnetism is kept Within the limits of the magnet cores and the pole pieces, as represented by the arrows in the diagram Fig. 22, and no effect is produced'upon the armature 90.. On the other hand, the winding of the two coils is such that if both are energized at thesame time,

that is by current passing through both transmitting circuits Z and r,-opposed mag: netism is produced in the two coils, which is forced through the intermediate armature 90, as represented by the arrows in Fig. 23, thereby drawing the armature into a horizontal position, as shown. This throws the shutter back into the position shown in Fig. 20 and displays the signal Cease firing. In a similar manner if both of the coils 82 should be simultaneously excited, the armature 89 would be'thrown to a horizontal position and theshutter 8t thrown forward over the plate 85 to display its signal Com mence fire.

The shutter is provided with means which act, when it is thrown to one position or the other by one pair of actuating coils, to hold it in that position until its position is reversed by excitation of the other set of actuating coils. Any suitable means may be provided for this purpose, but in the dis-' thereby exerting a slight tendency to hold it fixed in either of its extreme positions. Stop pins 96 are provided which limit the movement of the pin 94, and, therefore, the

movement of the rock shaft 87, in each direction.

In order simultaneously to excite.- both members of either set of coils 82 or 83, auxiliary means are provided at the. transmitter for simultaneously closing both transmitting circuits 1' and Z on the one hand, or d and u on the other.

Referring to Fig. 1 and the coils 83, which are used to display the. signal Cease firing, a special short-circuiting switch 97 at the deflection transmitter is used, which switch, when moved to the dotted line position shown, connects three wires leading directly to the circuits 1' and l and the positivemain p.- lVhen this switch is closed current passes simultaneously through both of the coils 83. i

In conjunction with the range transmitter a similar auxiliary circuit-closing switch 98 is employed, which connects the circuits u and d to the positive main and simultaneously passes current through the coils 82 to display the signal "Commence fire. When either setof coils 82 or 83 is energized in the fashion described both ofthe connected motive devices 5 and 6 or 7 and 8, as the case may be, are also energized, but, as will be seen from the description to follow of the actuating or ratchet mechanism, this merely serves to lock the. two motive devices of either set and their indicator against movement. It therefore follows that'when current is passed through both coils 83, to send a battle order signal no change in indication of the deflection can be transmitted, and when current is passed through both coils 82 no change in indication of the range can take place.

To make it certain that no disturbance of the indicator can take place through manipulation of the hand switch while the battle order is being used, the switch 97 is so connected that, when it moves to display the battle order signal, it acts to interrupt the positive connection to the terminal P. On the other hand, when the switch is connected to the positive main, the battle order coils 83 cannot be simultaneously energized.

It will be observed that through the circuit arrangement described, no additional transmitting wires are necessary, but that the signal is operated by the simultaneous 1 until every one of the receiving instruments,

closing of two circuits, which are ordinarily separately closed for the transmission of different classes of signals.

Any number of receiving stations may be connected to be operated from the same transmitting station, and when so connected the arrangement may be such that the transmitting switchwill be automatically held to its closed position until the-last receiver to operate repeats the signal back to its. repeater. In Fig. 2 there is shown for illustrative purposes a grouping of three receiver stations which may be supposed to be located at separate gunstations, each having its own repeater at the transmitting end. i There are also shown two sets of transmitting instruments, from either of which signals may be transmitted to the gun stations. The reference numerals employed in Fig. 2 correspond generally to those in Fig. 1, so that circuit connections may be readily followed out from the description of Fig: 1. It will be obvious that while only three gun stations and two transmitting stations are shown any number of these may beemployed, and- .circuit connections may be used to give any desired arrangement or grouping of the instruments. l

' Each of the gun stations G, G and G etc., is provided with a range receiver X, a

defiection receiver Y, and a battle order indicator B, and each is serially ,connected to the respective repeater 3, 4, 3', 4 or 3 P, by the repeater circuits 72, 7 4, 76 and 78.

The repeaters are connected in multiple to.

the switch controlling circuits 80 and 59, which are connected to the several transmitters, either directly, as shown,'or through appropriate switches. The transmitting circuits 7', Z, d and a lead from the transmitters to the receive-rs in multiple. It there-fore follows that when the signal is sent from the crement of range, which, of course, cannot happen until every receiver in the series has acted. The series arrangement of the repeaters relatively to the receivers and their multiple. arrangement relative to the switch controlling circuits effectively provides against the transmissionof a second signal however many, has responded.

It may happen that transmission of signals may be deslred from another transmitting station, such, for example, as that represented at A, and this maybe accomplished by switches for switching the circuits from the-one to the other. As conventionally illustrative of such a switch, there is shown the circuit-changing switch S adapted to connect the positive main to the positive terminals of either of the in'stru men-ts A or A. If the station A is a art from the station A an additional set oi re-' pea ting instruments may be located at the station A, connected each to its respective gun station, as are the repeating instruments shown, but in Fig. 2, for sake of simplicity, one set of repeating instruments only is shown. It may-also be desirable at times to group the gun stations. so that one set of stations, representing, for example, the guns of a battery, may be directed from one transmit-ting station and another set from another station. To provide for this, suitable switching devices may be employed, so that any desired group of gun stations may be connected to transmitter Aand another to the transmitter A. As illustrative merely of such connections, there is here shown the double-throw switch S, which, in the full line position shown, connects the transmitting circuits of the gun station-Gr to the transmitting circuits leading from the other stations to the station A. If the switch is thrown to the dotted line position shown. connections between the station G and the station A 1s-. 1nter 'upted, and the former 18 connected to the transmitting circuits leading from the station A and the station G then falls under the direction of the station A, while the stations G and G remain under the direction of the station A. Under such circumstances the station A will haveits own repeatinginstruments (not shown) corresponding to the gun station Gr 7 the single station in Fig. 1 is operated that respect. I

This invention when embodied in a range signaling system as specifically shown, may, of course, beapplied to guns either on shipboard or on shore, the particular system here des'cribed, however, being especially designed to meet requirements on shipboard.

Referring now to'the constructionof the instruments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to their particular detailed construction, and, that as'a-system,

the instruments represent merely component elements thereof. Certain features, however, have especial merit and advantage, articularly when the invention is embodied in a system of the character described.

Figs. 3-6 and Fig. 16 show the arrangement of the working parts of the transmitters. The terminal wires are carried into the terminal box 99 at one end where they lead to the respective parts of the apparatus, which parts are mounted upon the base 100, the latter provided with the removable cover 101. v v

The hand switch 102 (Fig. 6) comprises a contact-carrying disk of insulating material mounted near the center of the instrument and is turned by means of the handle 9 at the outside thereof. In order that no injury can result to the switch through rough usage, and in order also to provide for necessary movement of the switch 102 whenever the handle 9 is moved, as well as to prevent arcing at the switch, the latter is mounted very delicately so, as to move easily, and to close the controlled circuits on slight movement, while the handle on the other hand is mounted to swing against considerable resistance, and also to have slight lost motion with reference to the switch, so

when sufficient force is applied to it to move it at all, itpicks up the switch 102 while under head-way and effects a very certain and positive movement of the latter, making it also difiicult to leave the switch 102 in a I half-closed position where it can arc.

Referring to Figs. 3, 4 and 6, the handle 9 is connected to the rock shaft 103, the latter being secured to an out-turned rock arm 104 'within the casing. The arm 104 has pivotal connection on one side to the 1 overlapping heads of the two plunger pins 105 and 106, While on the other side is provided with a pin 107 which has a limited range of play between the two branches ofthe forked rocker arm 109, which rocker arm is fixedly attached to the rock shaft 110 car- 1 'yingthe switch 102. Strong and solid Journals are provided for the rock; shaft 103 in the casing, and the switch rock shaft 110 is journaled in bearings upon the plate 111.

The switch arm is held normally in a midposition by'the heavy coil springs 112 and 113, which are connected between the heads of the plunger pins 105 and 106 and the ends of the pivoted guides 114 and 115 in which the opposite ends of the plunger pins have sliding movement. The guides are ivoted between heavy ears 116 and 117. t therefore follows that to move the switch handle in either direction, one or the other of the springs must be compressed. The springs being relatively heavy, the force required to accomplish this will cause movement of the handle quick enough and far enough to throw the switch 102, before such movement can be intentionally stopped.

nected to contacts 119 on the opposite face of the disk, which places the contacts 24 and 25 in circuit with the double finger contact 26 fixed at the opposite side of the disk, or the contacts 43' and 45 in circuit with the double finger contact 44, (not shown but also at the opposite side of the disk.)

The controlling coils of the relay switch are shown as sultably supported upon the base 100. The bridging plate 120 of nonmagnetic material is shown removed from the coils 14 and 15 in Fig. 3, to better illustrate the construction of the armature 13. The latter is pivotally mounted upon the shaft 121 and has its ends movable over the cut-away portions of the pole pieces 122 and 123. It is normally held in the position shown by the coil spring 124, which has one end attached to an inturned pin on the bridging plate. Secured to one side of the armature is a switch member 125, formed of a plate of insulating material and carrying the bridging contact piece 126. Stationarily secured to the bridging plate is a block 127 of insulating material suitably cut away (as represented in Figs. 3 and 4) to allow for the swinging movement of the armature and carrying the three contacts 23, 36 and 54 (see-Fig. 5), which are adapted to be shortcircuited by the bridging piece 126 when the armature swings around on the excitation of the coils. This acts to close the circuit through the actuating coil 14 and also closes the transmitting circuit 1- leading to the distant receiver.

In order that the actuating coil may be excited the instant the relay switch moves, so that, if the handle .is quickly released, the signal will surely be displayed and repeated before the relay switch is released, the actuating coil contact 54 and the positive contact 23 are slightly longer than the transmitter circuit contact 36, so that the actuating coil is excited in advance of the closing of the transmitter circuit.

The contacts 40 and 41, to which the positive lead of the actuating coil for the other relay switch passes, are carried by the stationary block 127 of insulating material and are normally bridged by means of the cylindrical piece 128 of conductive material, the latter carried by, but insulated from. the lateral arm 129 secured to and movable with the armature. It will therefore be seen that, when the actuating coil 14 is excited the circuit is broken at the contacts 40 and 41 immediately on the movement of the switch and the other set of controlling-coils cut out of circuit. The auxiliary hand switch 30 (visible near the top of Fig. 3) is shown in side elevation in Fig. 16. It is mounted on the rock. shaft 129 atthe top of the casing and provided with 'a handle 130. Within the casing there are provided upon a sultable insulating base 131 (see Fig. 16) the contact 31 leading to the negative terminal, the contact 29,'leading to the holding coil and the contact 33, all connected as represented in Fig. l. The switch is normally held so as to bridge the contacts 31 and 29 by means of the spring 132 secured. to the arm 133, which latter works between the stops 134 and 135. As previously stated, when the handle 130 is turned to bridge the contacts 29 and 33, the indicator will continue to work so long as the handle 9 is held thrown over in either direction.

As shownimFigJlb the bridging switch is preferably constructed so that the connection between the contacts 29 and 33 is established before connection between contacts 29 and 31 is broken, thereby leaving no interval during which the holding coil may be deprived of current.

\Vhile the purpose of the invention may be carried out with transmitting instruments of Widely different construction and this invention is not limited to the details or form or arrangement of parts here described, the transmitter as disclosed and de scribed has been found very effective in practice, both in electrical and mechanical construction, and particularly in its capacity to stand rough usage whether accidental or intentional, and its capacity to resist sudden and severe shocks attendant upon the firing of heavy guns.

As previously stated, the internal construction of the deflection transmitter is substantially the same as that of the range transmitter described, and no further description thereof will be necessary.

Referring to Figs. 7, 8 and 9, the receiver elements comprising the range receiver, deflection receiver and battle order indicator are preferably mounted upon the same base plate 136 and within the same casing, the cover for which 137 is shown removed in Fig. 7. The motive devices for the range and deflection receivers are shown as arranged in the four corners of the casing with their respectiveactuated indicating mechanism between the same. The motive devices being of the same construction, a description of only one will be necessary.

Referring to Figs. 7 and 8 and also 14, there is provided for each motive device an armature 138. three arms as represented in Figs. 8 and 14, and is mounted to turn with the armature shaft139, being normally held against the abutment 140 by means of the three coiled springs 141 (see Fig. 13) secured to the tln-eearmed actuator 142, thelatter attached to the end of the armature shaft 139.

On either side of the armature are wound The latter is provided with' ture lies normally with its arms in the open space between the bridge pieces. The coils are wound in opposition so that when current passes through the same the magnetic lines are forced from the bridge and cap pieces centrally toward the core and armature shaft and the armature 138 is attracted from the full line position shown in Fig. 14 to the dotted line position also shown, where it lies directly between the bridge and under the cap pieces. Abutments 145 are provided which limit the armature movement. This form of actuating device for the indicator is quick acting and powerful, and at the same time, being symmetrical and balanced against displacement by changes in gravity or sudden shocks, is practically immune from responding to any shock or jar or false signal. This gives it great practical advan tage, though, as with the transmitter andv other instruments, it is to be understood that the invention as to its broad features, as well as to certain specific features thereof, is independent of the detailed construction of the instruments.

In moving from the full line position to the dotted line position in Fig. 14, the threearmed actuator 142 at the end of the armature shaft operates the indicator through actuating mechanism, herein 0f the ratchet and pawl type. The latter may be of any desired or suitable construction to serve the purpose of this invention, although that shown by the drawings has certain broad features of utility and novelty. The ratchet and pawl mechanism is substantially the same for the four motive devices and it will be necessary to describe one only.

Referring to Figs. 11-13 where I have shown in detail the ratchet mechanism for the motive device and for the range receiver, the pawl 146 is pivotally mounted upon an arm 147, the latter secured to swing loosely about the indicator shaft 148. One end of the pawl has an open, out-turned slot which is engaged by a pin 149, the latter carried by an arm 150, secured to the three-arm actu- Further movement of the" actuatorswings the pawl and the ratchet wheel to the full line position shown in Fig. 12, while return movement of the actuator causes the pin to lift the pawl out and effect release thereof from the ratchet wheel, as shown in Fig. 12,

the pawlthen swinging back to the position shown in Fig. 11 as the springs 141 drawthe actuator back.

Movement of'the ratchet Wheel for any cause other than engagement'by its pawl is prevented 'by the pivoted spring-pressed locking finger 152, which normally prevents the forward movement of the wheel. On the'initial movement of the pawl, however,

the heel 153 of the pawl swings out against the locking finger and lifts the latter just far enough to clear the next tooth, after which the finger again drops against the ratchet. That is to say, as the locking finger moves out of engagement with the ratchet wheel, the moving pawl engages therewith and starts the movement of the wheel. The parts are so adjusted, however, that the first movement of the pawl when engaged by the actuator arm is about its pivotal support and before the locking pawl can be disengaged the moving pawl becomes engaged with the ratchet.

' In order to prevent the pawl from being thrown forward, without having first the inward movement which results in engagement with the ratchet wheel, as well as to prevent the pawl from being thrown out of engagement with the ratchet after it has started, but before completing, its movement, which latter might occur from some" .152 by means of the spring 15 1. The guide lock 153 is provided with a curved edge 155 along which the out-turned tooth 156 upon the pawl moves and by means of which engagement between the pawl and ratchet is enforced duringmovement of the pawl.

In the normal position of the parts, as shown in Fig. 11, the tooth 156 lies against a shoulder on the guide look, so that it is in capable of a forward movement without first executing an inward or engaging movement. The tip of the guide lock normally engages a pivoted notched bar 157 which is thrown toward the guide lock by the spring 158. The guide lock itself is therefore lockedin position until the pawl has completed its stroke, whereupon the side of the pawl tooth 156 strikes the notched bar 157 (see ,Fig. 12). This swings the bar out and releases the guide lock, so that it can rise as the pawl is lifted (see Fig. 13), permitting the latter to move back into the position shown in Fig. 11, whereupon the end of the block again snaps into the notched bar 157.

Each end of the indicator shaft 148 is attached to a ratchet wheel operated by ratchet mechanism, of substantially-the same construction, though reversely arranged, so that the one serves at each movement to turn the indicator shaft one step in one direction, while the other serves to turn the same one step in an opposite direction.

The indicatingdevices in the illustrated embodiment of the invention are in the form of indicating or counter-wheels, displaying each on its face a series of numeral characters. Referring first to the deflection receiver (Figs. 7, 9 and 18) there are employed for right-hand deflection a wheel 159 for units, and a second wheel 160 for tens side by side therewith. For lefthand deflections there are likewise employed a wheel 161 for units and a wheel 162 for tens. Each of said wheels has the ten numerals O, 1, 2 Qtdisplayed upon its face (see Fig. 18), these numerals being adapted to come successively in line with apertures formed in the two swinging shutters 163 and 164, so that they may beread through the glass-covered openings 165 (Fig. 9) in the top of the casing. The numerals of one set read one way and the numerals ofthe other set in the opposite way, so that, when the indicator shaft is turned one way, the right-hand indication increases, and the left-hand indication deway, the reverse is true. The tens wheels 160 and 162 are loose on the indicator shaft and the units wheels 159 and 161 are pinned to the said shaft, the latter having bearings in suitable frame pieces.

The shutter are employed to permit readings only from one set of indicators according to whether the readings are to the right orleft of the neutral or zero position? It is to be understood, however, that a deflection indicator is described merely as illustrative of one receivin element of the system herein broadly clalmed and the rece1v-. ing devices for communicating other signals may be used in place thereof. Moreover, as a deflection receiver, the same may bev constructed without the shutters described, and indications made above or below an arbitrarily selected neutral point instead of read as right or left deflections The indicating wheels are so operated by mechanism to be described that, for each actuation of the motive devices, the units wheels are moved far enough to bring the next number upon the wheel in reading position. and for each complete revolution of the units wheel the tens wheel is caused to move one step. The shutters are so arranged that at the neutral position where, all four wheels have the zero marks in readnumerals.

ing position, the shutter apertures are in line over the respective zero marks so that the instrument shows no deflection. When, however, the indicator shaft is turned from a neutral position to increase the right deflections the turning of the right units wheel one step swings the shutter covering left'deflections (shown at the left in Fig. 7 up to obscure the left deflection indicator and display the letter R over the visible Likewise, changing from the neutral position to increase the left deflection indication swings the other shutter up .to display the letter L and obscure the right deflection numerals. Referring now to the mechanism for acgqmplishing this, the right deflection units wheel 159 (Fig. 9) is fast on the indicator shaft 148, so that it is turned one step for each movement of the actuating mechanism. 'Tothe inner face of the wheel 159 is secured a disk 166 having a notch 167 (Fig. 17) in its periphery, which notch is adapted to engage once each r lution with a tooth on the star wheel J, the latter loosely mounted on the counter-shaft 169. Secured at one side of the star wheel is the pinion 170 meshing with a gear secured to or formed by the side of the adjacent tens Wheel 160, so that each time the notch 167 engages the star wheel the gear and tens wheel is moved one step. At other times the edge of the disk 166 rides against the star wheel (see Fig. 17 and prevents its movement.

The teeth of the star wheel form a continuation of every third tooth on the pinion,

and at the side of the notch 167 there is formed a lug 171 such that it is in line to engage with the teeth of the pinion and enforce movement of the star wheel into the notch 167 when the disk rides off the star wheel. The notch is so located that the tens wheel is moved when the units wheel moves to bring the zero mark into reading position in place of the nine, or vice versa. At the opposite side of the indicator the units wheel 161 for the left deflections is also fixed on the indicator shaft and works in conjunction with the tens wheel 162 through the engaging star wheel 168 and pinion 170 in substantially the same way" I The two shutters are so arranged that when either tens wheel passes down below the neutral position, that is to say, from- 0 to 9, the movement of the tens wheel throws the concentric or partly encircling shutter over, obscuring subsequent indications at that side of the instrument. Taking for example the shutter 164 (Fig. 19) covering right deflections, the same is secured to a sleeve carrying the segmental gear 172 meshing with the gear 173, the latter loose upon the counter-shaft, but secured to a pinion 174 and starwheel 17 5 both of a construction similar to the pinion 170 and star wheel 168, respectively.

The inner edge of the right deflection tens wheel 160 is provided with a notched disk 176, similar to the disk 166, which, on passage of the tens wheel from the zero to the nine position, engages the star wheel and through the gear 173 throws the shutter forward in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 19. The instruments may then continue to beat up the left deflection indications, while beating down the right deflection indica' tions (which latter, however, are obscured from view).

At'the left side of the indicating mechanism the tens wheel 162 for the left deflections in moving from the zero position to the nine position, moves the star wheel 177 fast on the counter-shaft 169 and therefore turns the gear 178, also fast on the counter-shaft, this serving to throw. the shutter covering the left deflection indicator back, which latter has asegmental gear 179 meshing with the gear 17 8, the action being similarto the action of the shutter 164.

It will thus be seen that the shutter covering the right deflection indicator is thrown :down to display the numerals on the indicating wheels when the right deflection indicator moves from .9-0, and the left deflection indicator moves from 1 toO, the shutter 163 being thrown down to display left deflections when the left deflection indicator moves from 9 to 0. In order to provide a limit of movement for the indicating mechanism, each shutter is provided with a stop pin 181 secured to the side of the segmental gear. In the down position of the shutter (see Fig. 19) this pin lies against the intermeshing gear 173 or 178, as the case may be, and prevents further movement of the shutter in that direction. In beating up the right tions, for example, the indicator may be made to show 99, beyond which point, however, it cannot pass, since the tens wheel cannot move without moving the shutter 164, and the latter is held stopped by the stop pin 181. In like manner the left deflection indications may be increased to indicate 99, but that indication cannot be passed, owing to the stop upon the shutter 163 covering left deflection indications.

From the foregoing description it will beseen that the deflection indicator has a range of 99 beats above the neutral point and 99 below the same, and if it is attempted to pass these limits the armature of the energized motive device is locked against any effective movement.

From the description of the operation of the deflection indicator, the operation of the range indicator will be readily understood.

deflection indica- The latter (see Figs. 7 and 8) has a fixed unit indicating plate 181 displaying the zero mark.- The wheel 182 is fast on the indicator shaft 183 and displays alternately the characters 5 and 0', so that the indications advance in increments of fifty. The wheel 182 moves the hundreds wheel 18l through a star wheel and pinion of'the same construction as the one described in connection with the deflection receiver. Likewise, the wheel 18% moves the thousands wheel 185 and the latter the ten thousands wheel 186 at the ratio of 1-10. The indicator is stopped at 20,000 in one direction of movement and at the zero position in the opposite direction of movement by a stop 187 on the units wheel 182, which stop comes into engagement with a finger 188 on the counter-shaft 18 9,the latter being turned by the star wheel between the indicator wheels 185 and 186, which star wheel is fast on the counter-shaft.

In the foregoing description reference has struction and purposes, as conditions may require.

One feature of advantage, and particularly in connection with the system described. is the limit put upon the range of movement of the indicators in either direcof one station may at times be grouped withthe receivers of another, and at other times with the receivers of still other stations. Under such conditions of circuit changes, the indications of two newly grouped receivers will seldom tally, and, before signals can be sent, all the instruments of the group must be synchronized.

In the system described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, it is only necessary to beat up the instruments of one class, whether range or deflection receivers, first to the highest limit. This can be quickly done by the auxiliary beating up switch 30, as already described. ll'hen any receiver reaches its of indication, so long as the repeater circuit continues to be closed and opened by the movement of the motive device at the receiver. When this point has been reached, that is, when one of the receivers and one of .the repeaters has reached its upper limit of movement, the handswitch 9 can be reversed and the-instruments beat down to the opposite limit, thatis, until the receiver and repeater first reaching their upper limit reach the lower limit, which makes it certain that all-receivers are returned to the lower,

and, together with the repeaters, thereby synchronized.

In beating the instruments up or down in synchronizing after one repeater or receiver has reached its limit of movement, the repeater is then held against opening the switch controlling circuit to release the relay switch. When this point is reached the relay switch may be released by the operator after each beatby opening the positive circuit to the transmitter at the switch 10 or at a special switch such as 10".

The three receiving units, i. e. range receiver, deflection receiver and battle order indicator, for convenience are preferably mounted in a single casing, as shown. The construction of the repeating units, 2'. e the range repeater and the deflection repeater, except as tov the controlled contacts, is substantially the same as that already described, with the exception that they are, for reasons previously stated, preferably mounted in separate casings, as represented'in Fig. 2.

The construction of the controlled contacts for the opposite ends of the deflection and range receivers is represented in Fig. 15, wherein the stationary contacts are shown at 189 and normally bridged by. the movable contact 190, which latter is carried by vices for a given' receiver are simultaneously actuated, the corresponding pawls will .be moved into engagementwith their ratchet wheels and the indicating shaft be thereby locked against movement in opposite directions, and no movement of the indicator shaft will take place. It will also be obvious that with the ratchet construction described, the receiver cannot operate to indicate the signal without also repeating the limit of movement this condition is indi-- cated at its repeater by a failure of the repeater indicator either to advance or to vibrate without advancing, which latter it will continue to do, even though-at its limit same, nor can the signal be repeated without the indication being displayed at the receiver.

In order that a clear comprehension may be had of the principles underlying this in vention, one application thereof to a range telegraph system has been fully described 

